Cellulose ethanol➣cellulosic ethanol technology
Today, I will share the knowledge of cellulosic ethanol with you, which will also explain the cellulosic ethanol technology. If it happens to solve the problems you are facing now, don’t forget to pay attention to this book Stand up, let's start now! List of contents of this article: 1. How to use cellulose to produce ethanol? 2. Will cellulosic ethanol use hemicellulose? 3. In column chromatography experiments, what are the roles of microcrystalline cellulose, ethanol and distilled water? 4. Introduction to cellulosic ethanol How to use cellulose to produce ethanol? 1. Firstly, lignocellulose should be crushed into cellulose ethanol, and then cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in lignocellulose should be separated from cellulose by dilute acid treatment or steam explosion. Ethanol, then use cellulase to hydrolyze cellulose into glucose, then use Saccharomyces cerevisiae to ferment to produce ethanol, and finally recover ethanol by distillation. 2. Use dilute acid for hydrolysis. The technology of hydrolyzing lignocellulose with dilute acid has a long history. In 1898, the Germans tried to produce ethanol from forestry waste as raw material, and established an industrial-scale device for cellulosic ethanol, which can produce 50 gallons of ethanol per ton of biomass . 3. Treat lignocellulosic biomass with alkaline reagents such as NaOH and Ca(OH)2 to remove lignin and improve the enzyme accessibility of cellulose. Pretreatment has a great influence on the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis and saccharification and the cost of ethanol production. Wet oxidation treatment refers to the process of oxidative degradation of lignocellulosic biomass by water and oxidants under high temperature and certain pressure. 4. Use this cellulase to decompose the cellulose into individual glucose molecules, and then the yeast can ferment the glucose into ethanol. What is even more amazing is that there is a microorganism called Clostridium thermophiles, which can actually "pull" out ethanol while "eating" cellulose, which is even simpler. 5. It can be realized under the action of Trichoderma. Trichoderma can secrete cellulase and alcoholase at the same time, which can combine cellulose water into glucose and further decompose it into ethanol and carbon dioxide. I would like to add: The person who suggested "treating cellulose with concentrated sulfuric acid and then alcoholizing and hydrolyzing it" is really like Jiang Gan, who admires cellulose ethanol! Wait for the board. 6. Cellulose is converted into glucose through catalysis, and glucose can be converted into ethanol through glycolysis technology. This could serve as a route to ethanol production. Cellulose ethanol will use the effect of hemicellulose ethanol cellulosic ethanol: ethanol has a strong dehydration and polarity cellulosic ethanol, it can form hydrogen bonds with water cellulosic ethanol, so that water molecules form small clumps, Thereby reducing the solubility of water, after adding ethanol, the solubility of hemicellulose will decrease, and gradually aggregate and coagulate to form precipitates. Cellulosic ethanol (Ligno-cellulosic Bio-Ethanol) cellulosic biomass is a complex material composed of cellulose (30-50%), hemicellulose (20-40%), and lignin (15-30%). Sugars in cellulosic biomass are present in the form of cellulose and hemicellulose. Hemicellulose is bound to the surface of cellulose microfibrils and interconnected, and lignin forms an interwoven network to harden the cell wall, forming a very strong lignocellulose structure of cellulosic ethanol. In order to release the energy in lignocellulose, scientists must first disrupt this unusually stable structure that evolution has endowed plants with. Removing lignin and hemicellulose through pretreatment, eliminating steric barriers, reducing the degree of polymerization and crystallinity of cellulose, while avoiding or eliminating factors that are not conducive to enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, which is conducive to the degradation of cellulose and the production of ethanol by fermentation. Cellulosic ethanol is a complex material composed of cellulose (30-50%), hemicellulose (20-40%), and lignin (15-30%). Cellulase is a complex enzyme, mainly composed of exo-β-glucanase, endo-β-glucanase and β-glucosidase, as well as high activity of xylanase. Xylan is the structure of hemicellulose. Cellulases will thus hydrolyze hemicellulose, but with varying efficiencies. In the column chromatography experiment, what is the role of microcrystalline cellulose, ethanol and distilled water? 1. The viscous substance added at this time is called the binder. The main function they play is actually to combine the drug powder with cellulosic ethanol, so they can also be collectively referred to as binders. (1) Distilled water. is a humectant. Cellulose ethanol is prone to uneven wetting, and it is best to use low-concentration starch slurry or ethanol instead. (2) Ethanol. 2. In daily life, when it is generally related to machines and electrical appliances, the main function of distilled water is that it is non-conductive, which ensures the stable operation of the machine and prolongs the service life of electrical appliances. In the pharmaceutical industry, the role of distilled water is due to hypotonicity. 3. Distilled water is used as a solvent and has no other effects than cellulose ethanol. The role of cellulosic ethanol and other chemical reagents in the experiment (1) Absolute ethanol is used to extract the pigment in green leaves. (2) The chromatographic solution is used to separate the pigments in the green leaves. (3) Silica can increase the friction between the pestle and the mortar, destroy the cell structure, and make the grinding sufficient. 4. For example, use activated carbon and silica gel as the carrier column layer to separate polysaccharides; or use borax-type ion exchange resin to separate neutral polysaccharides. 5. In the column chromatography experiment, microcrystalline cellulose powder with different mobile phases is used to inject the stationary phase into a glass tube with cotton or filter paper at the lower end. Spread the stationary phase powder saturated with the sample on the top of the glass tube and elute with the mobile phase. 6. The principle is cellulosic ethanol: Alcohol can replace water in tissues. Ethanol is a good solvent that can dissolve many substances, so ethanol is often used to dissolve plant pigments or medicinal ingredients therein; ethanol is also commonly used as a solvent for reactions, so that both organic and inorganic substances participating in the reaction can be dissolved and increased The contact area increases the reaction rate. Introduction to cellulosic ethanol Cellulosic ethanol is a fuel ethanol that uses fibers such as straw, crop husks, stems, leaves, fallen leaves, forestry leftovers, and urban and rural organic waste as raw materials to produce cellulosic ethanol. The quality improver and oxygenate cellulose ethanol added to gasoline can be widely used as an excellent fuel quality improver. Cellulosic ethanol is a complex material composed of cellulose (30-50%), hemicellulose (20-40%), and lignin (15-30%). Cellulose ethanol refers to the use of corn stalks and other cellulose-rich food crop straws or wood and grass plants as raw materials, the cellulose in it is hydrolyzed into simple sugars by cellulase, and the resulting alcohol is produced by wine-producing yeast. Fermentation of the simple sugars in the wine produces an alcoholic mature mash. Alcohol can be produced by rectifying and dehydrating the mash. The technology of hydrolyzing lignocellulose with dilute acid has a long history. In 1898, the Germans tried to produce ethanol from forestry waste as raw material, and established an industrial-scale device, which can produce 50 gallons of ethanol per ton of biomass. That's even easier. In places such as Japan and South Korea, Trichoderma and yeasts have also successfully produced ethanol from cellulose. Using cellulose as a raw material to produce ethanol paves the way for ethanol to ascend to the throne of new energy. Because these raw materials come from green plants, some people call ethanol green gasoline. This is the end of the introduction of cellulosic ethanol. Thank you for taking the time to read the content of this site. For more information about cellulosic ethanol technology and cellulosic ethanol, don’t forget to search on this site.
